Issue
Federalism & Quebec
The balance of powers between Ottawa and the provinces, with Quebec's distinct-society status, language sovereignty, and federal transfers as the recurring flashpoints.
Where parties stand
Compare side-by-side- Bloc QuébécoisBLOC
Defining issue. Advocates for Quebec sovereignty over the long term and full Quebec opt-out from federal programs with unconditional transfers in the meantime. Opposes federal use of the spending power in areas of provincial jurisdiction.
Source - Conservative Party of CanadaCONSERVATIVE
Generally favours greater provincial autonomy, particularly on resource and energy policy. Supports allowing provinces to opt out of federal social programs with full compensation. Opposes federal use of the notwithstanding clause but does not advocate constitutional limits on provincial use.
Source Supports co-operative federalism with strong federal coordination on climate, healthcare standards, and democratic reform — and stronger recognition of Indigenous nations as a third order of government.
Source- Liberal Party of CanadaLIBERAL
Frames Canada as a partnership of co-operative federalism. Maintains the equalization formula, defends federal jurisdiction over carbon pricing and child care, and recognizes Quebec as a 'nation within a united Canada' without changes to the Constitution Act.
Source Supports asymmetrical federalism — Quebec opt-outs on national programs with full compensation, an asymmetrical model for child care and pharmacare. Generally pro-federal-program-with-flexibility.
Source